SITI NUR UMAIRAH BINTI SHAHRIZAL KOLEJ VOKASIONAL TAIPING
Abstract This study explores the development of an innovative insect repellent formulated from natural ingredients: durian peel, neem leaves, vinegar, and cloves. The goal is to create an effective, eco-friendly alternative to chemical insect repellents. Durian peel, known for its potent odor, is hypothesized to have repellent properties. Neem leaves have long been recognized for their insecticidal properties. Vinegar, with its acetic acid content, acts as a deterrent, while cloves contain eugenol, a natural insect repellent. Through a series of extraction and formulation processes, we tested the efficacy of the combination against common pests. The results indicate that this natural repellent offers a promising, sustainable solution for insect control, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and minimizing environmental impact. Further research is recommended to optimize the formulation and assess long-term effects.